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Introduction | Identification | Impacts | Causes | Actions | More Info
More Information
Publication
| Alcock, D. 1996. Groundwater nutrients tracked at island resorts. Cooperative Research Centre (CRC Reef). |
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| Bell, P.R. and Greenfield, P.F. 1988. Monitoring treatment and management of nutrients in wastewater discharges to the GBRMP. In: Nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef Region. C. L. Baldwin, ed. GBRMPA Workshop Series No. 10. pp. 55-65. |
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| Branan, W.V., Gold, A.J. and Wright, W.R. 1991. Technical Guidelines for Coastal Water Quality Management in Thailand: Best Management Practices. Thailand Coastal Resources Management Project. Contact Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. |
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| Cabanban, A. et al. 2002. Land-based sources of pollution and impacts on coral reefs. In: Implications for Coral Reef Management and Policy: Relevant Findings from the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium. B.A. Best, R.S. Pomeroy and C.M. Balboa, eds. USAID: Washington, D.C. |
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| Cesar, H., Burke, L. and L. Pet-Soede. 2003. The Economics of Worldwide Coral Reef Degradation. International Coral Reef Action Network. |
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| Clark, J.R. 1996. Nutrients management, Part 2.25, Ocean outfall placement, Part 2.26, Septic tanks replacement, Part 2.33, Sewage management, Part 2.35, Water quality management: Coral Reefs, Part 2.45, Eutrophication, Part 3.33, Pathogens, Part 3.63, Sewage treatment, Part 3.86 and Shellfish pollution, Part 3.87 in: Coastal Zone Management Handbook. Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, Florida. |
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| Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Philippines. 2001. Managing Impacts of Development in the Coastal Zone. Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources: Cebu City, Philippines. |
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| Halm, S.H. 1992. Environmental Interpretation: A Practical Guide for People with Big Ideas and Small Budgets. Fulcrum Publishing: Golden, Colorado. |
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| Huttche, C.M., White, A.T. and M.M.M. Flores. 2002. Sewage, wastewater and stormwater management. Chapter 9 in Sustainable Coastal Tourism Handbook for the Philippines. Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Department of Tourism. Cebu City, Philippines. 144pp. |
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| Marszalek, D.S. 1987. Sewage and eutrophication. In: Human Impacts on Coral Reefs: Facts and Recommendations. B. Salvat, ed. Antenne Museum E.P.H.E., French Polynesia. |
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| Molina, C., Rubinoff, P., and J. Carranza. 2001. Guidelines for Low-Impact Tourism: Along the Coast of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Integrated Coastal Resources Management Program in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island |
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| Salm, RV, Clark, JR and E. Siirila. 2000. Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Guide for Planners and Managers. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland. |
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| Sullivan, K. et al., eds. 1995. Development Guidelines: Water and Waste in Environmental Guidelines for Coastal Tourism Development in Sri Lanka. Coastal Resources Management Project, University of Rhode Island and the Coast Conservation Department, Sri Lanka. |
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| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1993. Volunteer Estuary Monitoring: A Methods Manual. USEPA: Washington, D.C. |
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| U.S. EPA. 2001. Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual: Estuarine and Coastal Marine Waters. ; also National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II |
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| White, A.T. and A. Cruz-Trinidad. 1998. Chapter 5 in The Values of Philippine Coastal Resources: Why Protection and Management are Critical. Coastal Resources Management Project: Cebu City, Philippines. |
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| Hodgson, G. 1999. A global assessment of human effects on coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 38(5): 345-355. |
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| McClanahan, T.R. 2000. Recovery of a coral reef keystone predator, Balistapus undulatus, in East African marine parks. Biological Conservation. 94: 191-198. |
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| McClanahan, T.R., Cokos, B.A. and E. Sala. 2002. Algal growth and species composition under experimental control of herbivory, phosphorus and coral abundance in Glovers Reef, Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 44: 441-451. |
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| Szmant, A.M. 2002. Nutrient enrichment on coral reefs: Is it a wide-spread cause of coral reef decline? Estuaries. 25: 743-766. |
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Organizations & Weblinks
| Cooperative Extension at the University of Rhode Island. . See Water Quality Program for actions public water suppliers, residents, municipal boards and government, farmers and landowners, and commercial and industrial businesses can do to improve water quality. Also, for more general information, please see the link provided. |
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| Coral Reef Alliance. |
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| Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Great Barrier Reef Catchment Water Quality Action Plan
; Water Quality: A Threat to the Great Barrier Reef; and Best Environmental Practices |
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| Hawai’i Seagrant. Coastal Ecosystem Health and Public Safety: Coastal Water Quality. |
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| Planetary Coral Reef Foundation. Wastewater Gardens. |
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| Reef Relief. Pump it don’t dump it informational brochure, Household guide to coral reef protection, and Scientific studies index. |
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| U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Polluted Runoff (Nonpoint source Pollution). Publications and Information Sources. |
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| U.S. EPA. Coral Reef Protection. |
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| World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Urgent: Toxics. |
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| Hawai’i Sea Grant. Coastal ecosystem health and public safety: Coastal water quality. |
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| National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE). |
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| National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s Coral Reef Information System. |
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Success Stories
| ICRI. Better Banana Project: controlling erosion and pollution from banana plantations. |
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| ICRI. Soufriere Marine Management Area (St Lucia, West Indies). |
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| ICRI. Chumbe Island Coral Park (Tanzania). |
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Photo Gallery
| ReefBase. Canals collect domestic waste which end up on the ocean. |
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| ReefBase. Low coral cover with algal overgrowth. |
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| ReefBase. Rubbish and pollution in a local canal. |
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| ReefBase. Porites with the surrounding reef overgrown by algae. |
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| ReefBase. Coral mounds almost completely overgrown by algae. |
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| ReefBase. Staghorn Acropora overgrown by algae. |
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| ReefBase. Coral encrusted by algae. |
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| ReefBase. Galaxea being overgrown by algae. |
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| ReefBase. Coral colonies overgrown by algae. |
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| ReefBase. Branching corals overgrown by algae. |
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| ReefBase. Sewage run-off from resorts degrades the surrounding ecosystem. |
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